Hunchback with “S” Shape Spine: Cadaveric Case series

Introduction: Kyphosis is a sharp posterior angulation due to localized collapse or wedging of one or more vertebrae and scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine. These may occur due to a congenital defect, fracture, and sometimes pathological or spinal tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: During routine cadaver dissection, four cases of kyphoscoliosis were identified. In the first case, a protrusion on the posterior surface of the trunk of the cadaver at L1 level was observed in a 60- year-old male. The lungs were collapsed and adherent with the pleura and thoracic wall. The posterior wall of the stomach was adherent to the pancreas and a depression was noted on the anterior surface of abdominal aorta. The T12 and L1 vertebrae were fused, and the spine was deviated to the left side. The anterior aspect of the body of L1 vertebrae was marginally eroded. The second case of kyphoscoliosis was from 80-year-old female cadaver. The descending and abdominal aorta had an abnormal course along the vertebral column, third and fourth cases were observed with slight protrusion and scoliosis but not much changes in the vertebral column. Results: The cause of the deformity was confirmed by pathological examination of the tissues showed inter vertebral disc degeneration with calcification and ossification and osteopenia. The underlying etiology can be tuberculosis, injuries, or infections. Conclusion: Severe kyphoscoliosis can affect wide range of systems in the body. It will affect not only the respiratory system also pressure on great vessels as a consequence of bony deformity.

Effectiveness of Molecular?Targeted Chemotherapy in Ameloblastomas: A Systematic Review

Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm that needs extensive surgical resection. The goal of this article is to obtain an in?depth review of benign ameloblastomas to determine the available level of evidence and the possible benefit of targeted therapeutics for the treatment of ameloblastoma and BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastoma. An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Web of Science for eligible studies published between 1975 and 2021. The systematic review is registered with INPLASY (INPLASY202260018). The review included 2 case series and 17 case reports. The histopathological type, anatomic location, expression of BRAF mutation, additional mutations, and molecular?targeted therapies of the 19 reviewed articles were summarized and tabulated. Interestingly, the majority of the primary site of ameloblastoma was located in the mandible (80.9%) compared to the maxilla (17%). The tumour size was reported in nine of the included studies. Most of the included studies in the review exhibited ameloblastoma with BRAF V600E mutations and responded to molecular?targeted therapies. Molecular therapies employing BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in ameloblastoma with BRAF V600E mutations proved to be an appropriate treatment based on the limited available evidence. It is essential further to deepen our understanding at th

Enablers & challenges of tribal women & health system for implementation of screening of non-communicable diseases & common cancers: A mixed-methods study in Palghar district of Maharashtra, India

Background & objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and cancers of breast, oral cavity and cervix contribute to around 5.87 million (60%) deaths in India. Despite this, there is limited evidence on preparedness of the tribal health system in mitigating these conditions. This mixed-methods study aimed at identifying enablers and challenges using a multistakeholder approach for the screening of NCDs and common cancers in a tribal block of Maharashtra, India. Methods: This study was conducted in a tribal community of Dahanu taluka in Palghar district of Maharashtra. A total of nine focus group discussions (FGDs) among tribal women and accredited social health activists (ASHAs), 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) among auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and community health officers (CHO) and facility surveys of five public health facilities were conducted. The FGDs and KIIs were conducted using guides, recorded digitally, transcribed, analyzed and triangulated to identify emerging themes. Results: The tribal women had limited knowledge about NCDs and common cancers. Paucity of health facilities, out-of-pocket expenditure, misconceptions, belief on traditional healers and inability to prioritize health were identified as major challenges. The ASHAs were recognized as a key connecting link between health system and community while provision of culturally appropriate IEC materials and adequate training were recognized as critical enablers by healthcare providers in implementing screening for NCDs and common cancers. Interpretation & conclusions: The study recommends incorporating socioculturally relevant strategies in the tribal population and strengthening health facilities in terms of infrastructure and training with involvement of ASHAs for successful implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) through health and wellness centres.

A Rare Case of Peripheral Cysticercosis in a Young Female from South India

Human Cysticercosis, a potentially deadly infestation, is the consequence of ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium. Cysticercosis is the most common parasitic infestation of the Central Nervous System, Muscle and Subcutaneous Tissue. About 54% of the patients present with subcutaneous nodules combined with nervous involvement. Cysticercosis is the most common Parasitic Disease of the Central Nervous System in the world but Cysticercosis cutis has been reported much less frequently(less than 2%). Here we are discussing a case of peripheral cysticercosis for which Surgery was done followed by medical treatment. Our patient came with a swelling on the left forearm near cubital fossa duration progressively increasing in size for the past 4 months. Complaints of pain over the swelling. MRI of the swelling was taken which showed a cystic swelling in the subcutaneous plane with a scolex in situ. After ruling out Neurocysticercosis, patient was taken up for excision of the cyst. Histopathology reported positive for cysticercosis with in situ scolex.Postoperative period uneventful and the patient was given a course of albendazole for two weeks. Majority of the patients will be presenting with Neurological Symptoms as Neurocysticercosis. Albendazole is considered as the treatment of choice in most of the cases and is cost effective. An alternate choice is praziquantel which might be given for some patients. Surgical management is preferred for peripheral cyst which is one of the rarest presentation.

Efficacy of Interventional Awareness Program on HIV/AIDS among High School Students of West Bengal, India

Introduction: Worldwide Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection is a Public Health Problem. Adolescents and young people are inclined to experiment with sex and prone to have HIV infection. Interventional Education Program on HIV/AIDS may prevent spread of the infection. Materials and Methods : Knowledge and attitude of students (N=2373) of 10th to 12th grade from 38 schools of Kolkata about HIV/AIDS was assessed based on a questionnaire. Subsequently an interventional educational program was conducted for them. A follow-up study with the same questionnaire after 6-8 weeks of the interventional program was performed among the students (N=811) of 11th and 12th standard. Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS was evaluated by defining a ‘Knowledge’ and ‘Attitude’ score from responses of the students to relevant questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS, version 17 software. Observations : Interventional Program improved student’s (a) responses to more questions, (b) knowledge level and (c) positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS. Significant improvement occurred in the association of knowledge score with respect to the male students after the Intervention Program but not much with respect to girls. Association of the attitude score with respect to gender and three streams (Arts, Science, Commerce) of study were significantly enhanced after the program. Discussion : Several studies around the world indicate that Interventional Educational Programs almost certainly improve knowledge and attitude of the school students about HIV/AIDS. Some differences in findings may be due to qualitative differences of the study participants. Our observations may not be extrapolated to other Indian Student Groups who may differ in awareness and cultural status

Current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries: cross-country comparisons and international perspectives

Abstract Introduction Varying public views on cannabis use across countries may explain the variation in the prevalence of use, policies, and research in individual countries, and global regulation of cannabis. This paper aims to describe the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g., "Iran"), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," "hashish," "bhang "dual diagnosis," "use," "addiction," "prevalence," "co-morbidity," "substance use disorder," "legalization" or "policy" (in English and non-English languages). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string for studies' titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English languages (using countries national languages) to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries. Results The main findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and variation in intervention strategies across the countries reviewed. European countries dominate the cannabis research output indexed on PubMed, in contrast to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran, and Nepal). Conclusions Although global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.

Exstrophy Of Cloaca Sequence (OEIS Complex) With Multiple Cardiac Malformations

Omphalocele, Exstrophy, Imperforate anus, Spinal defects (OEIS) complex is the most severe birth defect within the exstrophy-epispadias complex. There is exstrophy of the cloaca, failure of fusion of the genital tubercles and pubic rami, omphalocele and incomplete development of the lumbosacral vertebrae with hydromyelia. The diagnosis of OEIS complex mainly relies on sonographic findings. Our case presented with microcephaly, omphalocele, syndactyly, hydromyelia, imperforate anus, single cloacal opening, bifid clitoris, prominent unfused pubic rami and left renal agenesis. In addition, multiple severe cardiac malformations were found on echocardiography. Prognosis is poor when the OEIS complex is compounded by life-threatening malformations. We report a rare case of a preterm neonate presenting with features of OEIS complex with multiple cardiac malformations

Micronucleus Assay Of Buccal Mucosal Cells In Smokers And Non–Smokers

The micronuclei assay (MA) in exfoliated buccal cells is an innovative technique which holds promise for the screening of epithelial carcinogens/mutagens. Micronucleus is the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. The micronucleus is thought to be an indicator of DNA damage consequent to possible carcinogen exposure. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of smokers and non–smokers and to correlate the mean micronuclei with period of smoking. Buccal smears obtained from 68 age matched male subjects (40 smokers, 28 non–smokers) were included in the study. Papanicoloau stained smears were screened for micronuclei as per Tolbert et al criteria, with 1000 cells being examined in both categories. Results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean micronuclei count in buccal cells of smokers as compared to non smokers. Micronucleus assay can be used as a simple bio–marker for screening of pre–malignant changes in cells.

Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common health problems among all the population of the world. Men and women are equally reported to be affected by this condition. Of late, there has been rising incidence of LBP among many young adults and children, which is of concern. There have been a few studies regarding LBP but very few in this part of the world. This study was hence conducted to assess the prevalence of lower back pain among the young adults in our area.Methods: Detailed demographic picture was taken from all the patients which included the age, gender, smoking and alcoholic status, socio economic status, travelling, type of work, hours at work. Type and duration of sport, history of previous LBP, the intensity of pain, way it is relieved, duration of pain, i.e. the frequency of pain in a day are also taken into account.Results: The most common age group to be affected among the males was 31-40 years of age, where 38.6% were affected, while amongst the female the most common age group to be affected was 41-50 years with 38.1%. Most of the patients has strenuous physical exercise on daily basis for long period of time (70.9%). 58.3% patients were under stress and anxiety, while 56.3% lifted heavy weights regularly. 44.7% persons were either overweight or obese and had LBP due to the excess weight, while 28.6% had LBP due to sitting for long periods.Conclusions: This study shows that lower back pain is prevalent among all the age groups, especially among the younger adults. Identification of predisposing factors among the individuals which cause LBP can lead to diagnosing the condition at the earliest and preventing chronic pain, thereby improving the quality of life.

Association of diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: a study in a semi urban centre

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is one of the very common ailments, that quite often ends in mortality. The risk factors for AMI has been identified as smoking, alcoholism, high cholesterol, obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy, high triglyceride levels and diabetes mellitus. This study was done to evaluate diabetes as a risk factor for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in our area.Methods: Demographic details such as age, sex, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, details of alcoholism or smoking were taken. Physical examination was conducted for all the patients. Previous clinical and medical history was taken for all the patients. The predictors for calculation of 10 years risk factor for SCORE were age, sex, smoking, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood pressure.Results: The mean age of the males was 66.1±2.7 and women was 68.8±4.9. 27.3% of the males and 29.4% of the females were obese while 34.6% of males and 32.4% of females were overweight. The mean random blood sugar among the diabetic patients was around 143.5 mg/dL, and in the non-diabetics it was 84.4mg/dL. Out of the 48 diabetic patients, 32 of them (66.7%) had a previous history of MI while in non-diabetes, 53.7% had a previous MI attack.Conclusions: It is essential for the early detection of diabetes and control of the sugar levels, so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular ailments, since diabetes is one of the independent risk factors.

High HPV load and sexually transmitted infections increase the risk of abnormal cervical cytology in HIVinfected women in India

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a major public health problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. This study evaluated the effect of STIs, such as herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on human papillomavirus (HPV) copy number and associated cervical cytological abnormalities in context of HIV infection. Cervical cells from 74 HIVseropositive and 50 seronegative women were examined for HPV, HSV-2 and CT DNA by PCR. HIVinfected women had higher HSV-2 (P =0.002) and HPV infection (P=0.001) in cervix. HPV 16 was detected as the most predominant genotype. Combination of HIV and other STIs (HSV-2 and CT) was associated with higher HPV prevalence in cervix (P <0.01). Cervical HPV viral load (VL) was increased in HIVinfected subjects co-infected with STIs compared to those with only HPV infection (P=0.008). Women with abnormal cervical cytology had higher HPV copy number/cell compared to those with normal cytology (P <0.001). In conclusion, STIs may not have direct effect on cervical cytological abnormalities, they increase HPV VL that in turn worsen cervical cytological complications in HIVinfected women. Therefore, screening of STIs in HIVinfected high-risk Indian women may be important to evaluate HPV burden and abnormal cervical dysplasia

Hemophilic Patient For Emergency Spinal Decompression

Hemophilia is mostly an inherited genetic disorder, caused by mutations in the clotting factor gene. With the available treatment options, life expectancy of a hemophilic patient is usually of that of the general population. Hence, it is not uncommon that they present for surgical procedures. However, hemophilic patients for the major surgical procedure are always a real challenge for the perioperative physician. We have recently encountered one such patient who was hospitalized with acute paraplegia due to a mass lesion of spine and successfully managed with the recovery of motor power. His pre-operative Factor VIII level was 0. Desmopressin nasal spray has a limited role in severe hemophilic. Our main concern was effective replacement therapy and maintenance of desired Factor VIII levels not only during surgery but also in the immediate post-operative period

Advantages, Disadvantages, Indications, Contraindications and Surgical Technique of Laryngeal Airway Mask

The beauty of the laryngeal mask is that it forms an air tight seal enclosing the larynx rather than plugging the pharynx, and avoid airway obstruction in the oropharynx. The goal of its development was to create an intermediate form of airway management face mask and endotracheal tube. Indication for its use includes any procedure that would normally involve the use of a face mask. The laryngeal mask airway was designed as a new concept in airway management and has been gaining a firm position in anesthetic practice. Despite wide spread use the definitive role of the laryngeal mask airway is yet to be established. In some situations, such as after failed tracheal intubation or in oral surgery its use is controversial. There are several unresolved issues, for example the effect of the laryngeal mask on regurgitation and whether or not cricoids pressure prevents placement of mask. We review the techniques of insertion, details of misplacement, and complications associated with use of the laryngeal mask. We then attempt to clarify the role of laryngeal mask in air way management during anesthesia, discussing the advantages and disadvantages as well as indications and contraindications of its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Hansen's fingerprints in bone marrow histiocytes

No abstract available.

Osteopontin expression in reactive lesions of gingiva

Reactive proliferations of the gingiva comprise lesions such as pyogenic granuloma (PG), inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia (IFH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell lesion. Osteopontin (OPN) has a dual role, it promotes mineralization when it is bound to solid substrate, and on the other hand, it inhibits mineralization when it is seen in association with solution. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the expression of osteopontin in normal gingival tissue and different types of focal reactive proliferations of gingival tissue, and its role in the development of calcification within it. Material and Methods The presence and distribution of osteopontin was assessed using immunohistochemistry in five cases of normal gingival tissue and 30 cases of focal reactive proliferations of gingiva. Results There was no expression of osteopontin in normal subjects. Few cases of pyogenic granuloma, inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia, and all the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma showed positivity for osteopontin in the inflammatory cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and in the calcifications. Conclusion The expression of osteopontin in all the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma speculates that the majority of the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma originate from the periodontal ligament cells. The treatment modalities for peripheral ossifying fibroma should differ from other focal reactive proliferations of gingiva. .

Factors Associated with Retention in HIV Care at Sediba Hope Medical Centre

Background: Lost to follow-up (LTFU) is a major challenge that hinders the success of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objective: To identify factors conducted to a low LTFU rate.Methods: We conducted a two-part descriptive and quantitative study. Part 1 comprised interviews with clinic staff to determine their perspectives on LTFU and to establish the clinic's follow-up procedures for patients on ART. Part 2 of the study was a retrospective review of clinic and patient records. LTFU patients were identified and those with contact details were contacted for telephonic interview to determine if they were still on ART and/or their reasons for becoming LTFU.Results: A low LTFU rate (7.9%; N = 683) was identified. Work-related stress; and lack of transport and funds were reported reasons for LTFU. Monthly visits; non-adherent defaulters and LTFU patients were tracked by an electronic system (SOZO). Factors contributing to high rates of retention in care were: location of the clinic in the inner city; thus in close proximity to patients' homes or work; clinic operating on Saturdays; which was convenient for patients who could not attend during the week; an appointment/booking system that was in place and strictly adhered to; a reminder SMS being sent out the day before an appointment; individual counselling sessions at each visit and referrals where necessary; and a stable staff complement and support group at the clinic.Conclusion: Achieving a low LTFU rate is possible by having a patient-centred approach and monitoring systems in place

Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin Supplementation in the Modulation of NF-κB Responsive Genes in a Collagen-induced Arthritis Rat Model.

Aims: To assess the therapeutic effect of curcumin supplementation in modulating the expression of NF-κB in the joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, between July 2011 and May 2012. Methodology: Arthritis was induced in each group of Dark Agouti (DA) rats, by intradermal injection with collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin; 25 mg/kg aspirin. Combination treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin from day 25 to 38. Efficacy was assessed based on ability to reduce paw oedema, histopathological changes, NF-κB expression, serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Results: Based on histopathological study, immunohistochemical scoring of NF-κB and ELISA analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β and GPx levels, our study found that curcumin given after arthritis in high doses, shows effects of healing and this results were comparable to positive control group, which is the arthritic group treated with 25 mg/kg aspirin. Curcumin given in combination with aspirin, showed better reduction in pathology in arthritic group compared to positive control group, especially with higher doses of curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin was effective in reducing inflammatory changes seen in CIA joints which were proved through histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis, however only at high doses.

Bioanalytical method development and validation for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide using HPTLC in human plasma

A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic chromatographic method has been developed for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using paracetamol as an internal standard. The analytical technique used for method development was high-performance thin-layer chromatography. HPTLC Camag with precoated silica gel Plate 60F254 (20 cm×10 cm) at 250 µm thicknesses (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase used consisted of chloroform: methanol: ammonia (9:1:0.5v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 239 nm. The rf values for hydrochlorothiazide, paracetamol and metoprolol tartarate were 0.13±0.04, 0.28±0.05, 0.48±0.04, respectively. Plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation with methanol. Concentration ranges of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ng/mL and 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 ng/mL of hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol tartarate, respectively, were used with plasma for the calibration curves. The percent recovery of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 77.30 and 77.02 %, respectively. The stability of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma were confirmed during three freeze-thaw cycles (-20 ºC) on a bench for 24 hours and post-preparatively for 48 hours. The proposed method was validated statistically and proved suitable for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma.

Um método simples, sensível, rápido e econômico empregando a cromatografia em camada delgada de alta eficiência (HPTLC) foi desenvolvido para determinação do tartarato de metoprolol e hidroclorotiazida em plasma humano, usando paracetamol como padrão interno. Placas prontas de sílica-gel 60F254 (20 cm×10 cm), 250 µm de espessura, para HPTLC Camag (E. A Merck, Darmstadt, Alemanha) foramutilizadas como fase estacionária. A fase móvel utilizada consistiu de clorofórmio: metanol: amônia (9:1:0,5 v/v/v). A análise densitométrica foi realizada no comprimento de onda 239 nm. Os valores de Rf de hidroclorotiazida, paracetamol e tartarato de metoprolol foram 0.13±0.04, 0.28±0.05, 0.48±0.04 respectivamente. As proteínas do plasma foram extraídas por precipitação com metanol. Para construção das curvas de calibração, empregaram-se intervalos de concentração de 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ng/mL e 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 ng/mL de hidroclorotiazida e tartarato de metoprolol, respectivamente. Os percentuais de recuperação do tartarato de metoprolol e de hidroclorotiazida foram de 77,30 e 77,02, respectivamente. A estabilidade do tartarato de metoprolol e de hidroclorotiazida no plasma foi confirmada durante três ciclos de congelamento e descongelamento (-20 ºC), durante 24 horas e póspreparação durante 48 horas. O método proposto foi validado estatisticamente, sendo adequado para determinação do tartarato de metoprolol e hidroclorotiazida em plasma humano.

Allicin, a SUR2 opener: possible mechanism for the treatment of diabetic hypertension in rats

The garlic (Allium sativum L., Amaryllidaceae) has been popularly used in the treatment of diabetes and cardiac complications. In the present work, we have studied the possible mechanisms, sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) selectivity of allicin in diabetic hypertensive rats. Diabetic hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) followed by daily administration of dexamethasone (10 µg/kg, s.c.). Different parameters, blood pressure and blood glucose levels were studied in the rats weekly up to eight weeks. Allicin (8 mg/kg, p.o.) shows potent antidiabetic (*p<0.001) as well as antihypertensive effect (**p<0.001, *p<0.01). It may act as a vasodilator by hyperpolarizing the membrane of normal vascular smooth muscle cells. The hyperpolarization in vascular smooth muscle occurs due to K+ channel opener activity. Antihypertensive effect of allicin is inhibited by glibenclamide, nonselective SUR blocker while combination of allicin with nateglinide, selective SUR1 blocker exerted synergistic antihypertensive effect. The results indicates that allicin is effective in the treatment of diabetic hypertension; through a mechanism that might involve selective opening of SUR2.